[1]高舒迪,杨晨滟,邓小鹏,等.叶面施肥对烟叶中K和Zn元素的吸收与转运的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2018,41(2):330-340.[doi:10.7685/jnau.201706033]
　GAO Shudi,YANG Chenyan,DENG Xiaopeng,et al.Study on absorption and transport of K and Zn by foliar application in tobacco leaves[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2018,41(2):330-340.[doi:10.7685/jnau.201706033]
点击复制

叶面施肥对烟叶中K和Zn元素的吸收与转运的影响()
分享到：

《南京农业大学学报》[ISSN:1000-2030/CN:32-1148/S]

卷:
41卷
期数:
2018年2期
页码:
330-340
栏目:
出版日期:
2018-03-27

文章信息/Info

Title:
Study on absorption and transport of K and Zn by foliar application in tobacco leaves
作者:
高舒迪1;  杨晨滟1;  邓小鹏2;  夏妍1;  沈振国1;  陈亚华1
1. 南京农业大学生命科学学院, 江苏 南京 210095;
2. 云南省烟草农业科学研究院, 云南 昆明 650021
Author(s):
GAO Shudi1;  YANG Chenyan1;  DENG Xiaopeng2;  XIA Yan1;  SHEN Zhenguo1;  CHEN Yahua1
1. College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2. Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
关键词:
叶面肥; K; Zn; 烟草; 转运; 能谱分析
Keywords:
foliar fertilizer; potassium; zinc; tobacco; transport; energy dispersive spectrometer
分类号:
S143.3;Q945.1
DOI:
10.7685/jnau.201706033
摘要:
[目的]研究缺K或缺Zn烟叶在叶面增施K或Zn肥后，烟叶对K或Zn元素的吸收以及在不同叶位间的转运和分配规律。[方法]采用水培试验，控制不同供K（0、1、2、3、6、12、24和48 mmol·L-1）或Zn（0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.77、3.08和6.16 μmol·L-1）水平，研究烟叶合适的K或Zn含量及缺素临界值；对缺K或缺Zn烟株的中位叶（倒3叶）施用30 g·L-1KNO3或3 g·L-1 ZnSO4溶液，分别于处理后0、0.04、0.17、0.5、1、2、4、7、14和21 d取样，测定中位叶及上位叶、下位叶的干质量和元素含量。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与能谱分析（EDS）测定3个部位叶片主叶脉或叶柄不同组织K、Zn的相对含量。[结果]营养液供K水平低于4 mmol·L-1或供Zn水平小于0.4 μmol·L-1时，会明显影响烟株生长；烟叶缺K或缺Zn的临界值分别为11.5%和14.2 mg·kg-1。对缺K或缺Zn烟株中部叶片（倒3叶）施用K或Zn肥，K或Zn在不同叶片间的转运速度很快，0.04 d后即转运到上位叶或下位叶；上位叶K含量明显高于下位叶，说明K优先向上位叶转运；而下位叶Zn含量大于上位叶，Zn会大量积累在下位叶。能谱分析表明：K容易向幼嫩的分生组织转运；K可以同时通过韧皮部和木质部向上位叶及下位叶转运，但通过韧皮部转运较多；烟草叶片叶脉内K主要分布于薄壁组织，中位叶施K肥后，上位叶、中位叶、下位叶的近轴表皮、近轴薄壁组织、维管组织、远轴薄壁组织和远轴表皮的K相对含量均增加，薄壁组织增加较多。[结论]叶面施K肥后，K可以同时通过韧皮部和木质部快速向其他缺素叶片转运，K优先向上位叶转运。而叶面施Zn肥后，Zn能快速向上位叶、下位叶转运，且在下位叶有大量的积累。如果烟株严重缺K，建议每隔4 d重复叶面喷施30 g·L-1 KNO3溶液；对于缺Zn烟叶，喷施1次3 g·L-1即可起到明显的补Zn效果。
Abstract:
[Objectives]Effects of the foliar fertilizer on the uptake of K or Zn,as well as translocation and distribution among different position of tobacco leaf were studied under the lack of K or Zn conditions. [Methods]In order to study the suitable contents and the critical value of nutrient deficiency of K or Zn of tobacco under different levels of K(0,1,2,3,6,12,24 and 48 mmol·L-1) or Zn(0,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.77,3.08 and 6.16 μmol·L-1),hydroponic experiments were used. After treatments of 30 g·L-1 KNO3 or 3 g·L-1 ZnSO4 to the median leaves(third leaves) of tobacco which were lack of K or Zn,leaf samples(the median leaves and their superior leaves and inferior leaves) were collected on 0,0.04,0.17,0.5,1,2,4,7,14 and 21 d,respectively. Then dry weight and nutrient contents were measured. Besides,the relative contents of K or Zn in different tissues of veins or petiole were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). [Results]The growth of tobacco was affected by content of K(<4 mmol·L-1) and Zn(<0.4 μmol·L-1),significantly,and the critical values of tobacco K and Zn deficiency were 11.5% and 14.2 mg·kg-1,respectively. 0.04 day after the foliar fertilizer treatments,the K and Zn were transported to different parts of leaves with high speed. The concentration of K in the superior leaf was significantly higher than that in the inferior leaf,indicating that K was preferentially transported to the superior leaf. On the contrary,Zn accumulated in the inferior leaf heavily. EDS analysis showed that K tended to be transported to tender meristems,it could also be transported through phloem and xylem to the superior leaf and the inferior leaf simultaneously,but more through phloem. K was distributed mainly in the parenchyma in the leaves of tobacco,and the relative contents of K in the adaxial epidermis,adaxial parenchyma,vascular tissue,abaxial parenchyma,abaxial epidermis of the superior leaf,the median leaf and the inferior leaf increased significantly,of which vascular tissue increased most. [Conclusions]K could be transported rapidly through phloem and xylem to other nutrient deficient leaves at the same time and it tended to be transported to the superior leaf under the treatments of the K foliar fertilizer. Zn could be transported rapidly to the superior leaf and the inferior leaf,but was accumulated in the inferior leaf heavily under the treatments of the Zn foliar fertilizer. We recommended using 30 g·L-1 KNO3 every 4 days for several times to alleviate the symptom of severe K deficiency. But for the lack of Zn,spraying 3 g·L-1 ZnSO4 for once could obviously alleviate the symptom.

参考文献/References:

[1] 刘国顺. 烤烟栽培学[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2003:1. Liu G S. Cultivation of Flue-Cured Tobacco[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003:1(in Chinese).
[2] Pettigrew W T. Potassium influences on yield and quality production for maize,wheat,soybean and cotton[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,2008,133(4):670-681.
[3] 胡国松,郑伟,王震东. 烤烟营养原理[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2000:119-121. Hu G S,Zheng W,Wang Z D. Flue-Cured Tobacco Nutrition Principle[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2000:119-121(in Chinese).
[4] 伏秋庭. 锌肥施用方式对烤烟生长发育及产量品质的影响[D]. 雅安:四川农业大学,2013. Fu Q T. Effect of different Zn application ways on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco[D]. Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] 王华,戴林建,潘著,等. 钾高效基因型烤烟选育及其钾素营养特性研究进展[J]. 湖南农业科学,2012(11):14-17. Wang H,Dai L J,Pan Z,et al. Advances in breeding of potassium-efficient genotypes tobacco and its characteristics of potassium nutrition[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2012(11):14-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6] Oosterhuis D M,Loka D A,Raper T B. Potassium and stress alleviation:physiological functions and management of cotton[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2013,176(3):331-343.
[7] Hafsi C,Debez A,Abdelly C. Potassium deficiency in plants:effects and signaling cascades[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2014,36(5):1055-1070.
[8] Lu L,Chen Y,Lu L,et al. Transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes in the gene expression of tobacco seedlings under low potassium stress[J]. Journal of Genetics,2015,94(3):397-406.
[9] Welch R M,Graham R D. Breeding for micronutrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55(396):353-364.
[10] 张文玲,李桂花,高卫东. 生物质炭对土壤性状和作物产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2009,25(17):153-157. Zhang W L,Li G H,Gao W D. Effect of biomass charcoal on soil character and crop yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(17):153-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 廖伟. 烤烟锌营养诊断和土壤锌丰缺指标的研究[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学,2014. Liao W. Abundance and deficiency index of soil zinc and diagnosis of zinc nutrition in flue-cured tobacco[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] Sadeghzadeh B. A review of zinc nutrition and plant breeding[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2013,13(4):905-927.
[13] 纪春涛,王全明,刘帅,等. 不同锌肥供给水平对烟草"红大"生长发育及产质量的影响[J]. 安徽农学通报,2016,22(8):43-46. Ji C T,Wang Q M,Liu S,et al. Influence of different zinc fertilizer supply levels on growth,yield and quality of Honghuadajinyuan variety[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,22(8):43-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] 王毅,王跃进,杨德廉,等. 土壤供钾水平对烤烟生长及钾素营养的影响[J]. 中国烟草科学,2009,30(6):42-45. Wang Y,Wang Y J,Yang D L,et al. Effects of soil potassium supply level on development and potassium nutrition of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science,2009,30(6):42-45(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] 夏体渊,靳松,陈兴位,等. 不同种植密度对烤烟K326产量和品质的影响[J]. 西南农业学报,2017,30(1):58-61. Xia T Y,Jin S,Chen X W,et al. Effects of planting density on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco K326[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(1):58-61(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16] 钟晓兰,张德远,李江涛,等. 施钾对烤烟钾素吸收利用效率及其产量和品质的影响[J]. 土壤,2008,40(2):216-221. Zhong X L,Zhang D Y,Li J T,et al. Effects of K application on K absorption,K utilization efficiency,and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Soils,2008,40(2):216-221(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17] 李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,等. 叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学,2009,42(1):162-172. Li Y T,Li X Y,Xiao Y,et al. Advances in study on mechanism of foliar nutrition and development of foliar fertilizer application[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):162-172(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] 王小兵. 钾肥追施和叶面喷施措施对烤烟品质的影响研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2013. Wang X B. A study on potassium fertilizer topdressing and spraying effect on the quality of flue-cured tobacco[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] 潘瑞炽. 植物生理学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2002:41-44. Pan R C. Plant Physiology[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002:41-44(in Chinese).
[20] 郑宪滨,曹一平,张福锁,等. 不同供钾水平下烤烟体内钾的循环、累积和分配[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):166-172. Zhen X B,Cao Y P,Zhang F S,et al. Circulation,accumulation and distribution of potassium in flue-cured tobacco with different potassium levels[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2000,6(2):166-172(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21] 叶协锋,杨超,刘国顺,等. 烟草钾素研究进展[J]. 河南农业科学,2004,33(11):15-20. Ye X F,Yang C,Liu G S,et al. Research advance in tobacco potassium[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2004,33(11):15-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] Fulgenzi F R,Peralta M L,Mangano S,et al. The ionic environment controls the contribution of the barley HvHAK1 transporter to potassium acquisition[J]. Plant Physiology,2008,147(1):252-262.
[23] Ma T L,Wu W H,Wang Y. Transcriptome analysis of rice root responses to potassium deficiency[J]. Bmc Plant Biology,2012,12:161.
[24] Marschner H. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants[M]. London:Academic Press,1995.
[25] 王华. 烤烟高钾新品系叶片钾素积累与分配规律研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2012. Wang H. Studies on potassium absorption and distribution in potassium efficient genotypes of flue-cured tobacco[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26] 杨铁钊,晁逢春,丁永乐,等. 烟草不同基因型叶片钾积累特性及变异分析[J]. 中国烟草学报,2002,8(3):12-17. Yang T Z,Chao F C,Ding Y L,et al. Analysis on potassium accumulation characteristics and genetic variation in tobacco leaves[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2002,8(3):12-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] Zhao Z,Li C,Yang Y,et al. Why does potassium concentration in flue-cured tobacco leaves decrease after apex excision?[J]. Field Crops Research,2010,116(1/2):86-91.
[28] Sharma A,Patni B,Shankhdhar D,et al. Zin:an indispensable micronutrient[J]. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants,2013,19(1):11-20.
[29] 王东胜,刘贯山,李章海. 烟草栽培学[M]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2002. Wang D S,Liu G S,Li Z H. Tobacco Cultivation[M]. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2002(in Chinese).
[30] Haslett B S,Reid R J,Rengel Z. Zinc mobility in wheat:uptake and distribution of zinc applied to leaves or roots[J]. Annals of Botany,2001,87(3):379-386.
[31] 解燕,王文楷,赵杰,等. 烟草钾素营养与钾肥研究[J]. 中国农学通报,2006,22(8):302-307. Xie Y,Wang W K,Zhao J,et al. Potassium nutrition and potassium fertilizer for tobacco production[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(8):302-307(in Chinese with English abstract).
[32] 杨俊兴. 烤烟成熟期钾的运输与分配规律的研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2007. Yang J X. Research on potassium transportation and distribution of the flue-cured tobacco during mature period[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2007(in Chinese with English abstract).
[33] Fisher D. Long Distance Transport[M]. Rockville:American Society of Plant Physiologists,2000.

相似文献/References:

[1]孙新娥,申明,王中华,等.两种叶面肥对日光温室芸豆叶片光合作用和果实品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(3):37.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2011.03.007]
　SUN Xin-e,SHEN-Ming,WANG Zhong-hua,et al.Effects of two leaf fertilizers on photosynthesis and fruit quality of kidney bean in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(2):37.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2011.03.007]
[2]李瑞海,黄启为,徐阳春,等.不同配方叶面肥对辣椒生长的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2009,32(2):76.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2009.02.016]
　LI Rui-hai,HUANG Qi-wei,XU Yang-chun,et al.Effect of different foliar fertilizers on growth of Capsicum annuum L.[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2009,32(2):76.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2009.02.016]
[3]全思懋,徐阳春,徐大兵,等.不同配方叶面肥对蕹菜产量和品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(3):87.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2008.03.017]
　QUAN Si-mao,XU Yang-chun,XU Da-bing,et al.Effects of different formula foliar fertilizers on yield and qualities of Ipomoea aquatica[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2008,31(2):87.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2008.03.017]
[4]李瑞海,徐大兵,黄启为,等.叶面肥对苗期油菜生长特性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(3):91.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2008.03.018]
　LI Rui-hai,XU Da-bing,HUANG Qi-wei,et al.Effect of foliar fertilizer on growth of rapeseed seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2008,31(2):91.[doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2008.03.018]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2017-06-21。
基金项目:中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目（2015YN04，2016YN28）
作者简介:高舒迪,硕士研究生。
通信作者:邓小鹏,助理研究员,研究方向为烤烟营养,E-mail:hddxp@163.com;陈亚华,教授,研究方向为植物营养,E-mail:yahuachen@njau.edu.cn。
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01